The missionary mission of the Jesuits to China in the late Ming Dynasty enabled China and the West to have deeper cultural exchanges, which was a major event in the history of cultural exchanges between China and the West. As a young religious order that had just been established, the Jesuits were able to become a Catholic religious order at that time.The most successful missionaries in China are closely connected with the connotation of the order itself. This article will try to analyze the background of the Jesuits' missionary mission in China from two aspects: the European background and the Jesuits' own situation.